1. He aha ke ea?He aha ke ea maʻamau?
Pane: ʻO ka lewa a puni ka honua, ua maʻa mākou e kapa iā ia he ea.
ʻO ka ea ma lalo o ke kaomi o 0.1MPa, ka mahana o 20 ° C, a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 36% he ea maʻamau.ʻOkoʻa ka ea maʻamau mai ka ea maʻamau i ka mahana a loaʻa i ka makū.Ke loaʻa ka mahu wai i ka lewa, ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mahu wai, e hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka ea.
2. He aha ka wehewehe kūlana kūlana o ka ea?
Pane: ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka mokuʻāina maʻamau: ʻo ke kūlana ea i ka wā ʻo 0.1MPa ke kaomi ʻana o ka ea a ʻo ka mahana he 15.6 ° C (ʻo ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻoihana home ʻo 0 ° C) ua kapa ʻia ke kūlana maʻamau o ka ea.
Ma ke kūlana maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka ea he 1.185kg / m3 (ʻo ka mana o ka ea compressor exhaust, dryer, kānana a me nā mea hana hope e hōʻailona ʻia e ka kahe kahe o ka mokuʻāina maʻamau, a ua kākau ʻia ka ʻāpana e like me Nm3 / min).
3. He aha ke ea māʻona a me ka ea hauʻole?
Pane: Ma kahi mahana a me ke kaomi, loaʻa i ka ʻike o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea haʻahaʻa (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mānoanoa o ka mahu wai) kekahi palena;ke hiki aku ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o kekahi mahana i ka maʻiʻo hiki ke loaʻa, ua kapa ʻia ka ea i kēia manawa he ea saturated.Ua kapa ʻia ka ea maʻemaʻe me ka ʻole o ka nui o ka mahu wai.
4. Ma lalo o nā kūlana hea e lilo ai ka ea unsaturated i ka ea piha?He aha ka "condensation"?
I ka manawa e lilo ai ka ea unsaturated i ka ea saturated, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kulu wai wai i ka ea humid, i kapa ʻia ʻo "condensation".He mea maʻamau ka condensation.Eia kekahi laʻana, he kiʻekiʻe loa ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea i ke kauwela, a ua maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i nā kulu wai ma ka ʻili o ka paipu wai.I ke kakahiaka hoʻoilo, ʻike ʻia nā kulu wai ma nā puka aniani o nā kamaʻāina.ʻO kēia ka ea haʻahaʻa i hoʻoluʻu ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi mau a hiki i ka lae hau.ʻO ka hopena o ka condensation ma muli o ka mahana.
5. He aha ke kaomi lewa, ke kaomi pono a me ke kaomi ana?He aha nā ʻāpana maʻamau o ke kaomi?
Pane: Ua kapa ʻia ke kaomi ma muli o kahi papa mānoanoa loa o ka lewa e hoʻopuni ana i ka ʻili o ka honua ma ka ʻili honua a i ʻole nā mea ili i kapa ʻia ʻo “kaomi o ka lewa”, a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻo Ρb;ʻo ke kaomi e hana pololei ana ma luna o ka ʻili o ka ipu a i ʻole ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "paʻi piha".Hoʻomaka ka waiwai paʻi mai ka momi piha, a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻo Pa;ʻo ke kaomi i ana ʻia e nā anana kaomi, nā mīkini ʻumeke, nā paipu U-like a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo "gauge pressure", a ʻo "gauge pressure" e hoʻomaka ana mai ke kaomi lewa, a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻo Ρg.ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā mea ʻekolu
Pa=Pb+Pg
ʻO ke kaomi e pili ana i ka ikaika o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, a ʻo ka ʻāpana kaomi ʻo N/square, i kapa ʻia ʻo Pa, i kapa ʻia ʻo Pascal.ʻO MPa (MPa) i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka ʻenekinia
1MPa=10 mana ono Pa
1 kaomi lewa maʻamau = 0.1013MPa
1kPa=1000Pa=0.01kgf/hāhā
1MPa=10 mana ʻeono Pa=10.2kgf/hāhā
Ma ka ʻōnaehana kahiko o nā ʻāpana, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke kaomi ma kgf/cm2 (kilogram ikaika/kenimika huinaha).
6. He aha ka mahana?He aha nā ʻāpana wela maʻamau?
A: ʻO ka wela ka awelika helu helu o ka neʻe wela o nā molekala o kahi mea.
ʻO ka wela piha: ʻO ka wela e hoʻomaka ana mai ka wela palena haʻahaʻa i ka wā e pau ai ka neʻe ʻana o nā molekala kinoea, i kapa ʻia ʻo T. ʻO ka ʻāpana "Kelvin" a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻāpana ʻo K.
Celsius wela: ʻO ka wela e hoʻomaka ana mai ka helu heheʻe o ka hau, ʻo ka ʻāpana "Celsius", a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻāpana ʻo ℃.Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻāina Pelekania a me ʻAmelika i ka "Fahrenheit temperature", a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻāpana ʻo F.
ʻO ka pilina hoʻololi ma waena o nā ʻāpana wela ʻekolu
T (K) = t (°C) + 273.16
t(F)=32+1.8t(℃)
7. He aha ke kaomi hapa o ka mahu wai ma ka ea pulu?
Pane: ʻO ka ea haʻahaʻa ka hui ʻana o ka mahu wai a me ka ea maloʻo.I kekahi leo o ka ea humid, ka nui o ka mahu wai (ma ka nuipa) he emi loa ia ma mua o ka ea maloʻo, akā noho like ia me ka ea maloʻo., loa'a ka mahana like.ʻO ke kaomi o ka ea mākū ka huina o nā kaomi ʻāpana o nā kinoea constituent (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ea maloʻo a me ka mahu wai).ʻO ke kaomi o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea haʻahaʻa ua kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaomi ʻāpana o ka mahu wai, i kapa ʻia ʻo Pso.Hōʻike kona waiwai i ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻemaʻe wai, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi ʻāpana wai.ʻO ke kaomi ʻāpana o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea kuʻuna i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaomi ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka mahu wai, i kapa ʻia ʻo Pab.
8. He aha ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea?Pehea ka nui o ka haʻahaʻa?
Pane: Ua kapa ʻia ka nui kino e hōʻike ana i ka maloʻo a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea.ʻO nā ʻōlelo haʻahaʻa maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia: ka haʻahaʻa piha a me ka haʻahaʻa pili.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea humid i ka nui o 1 m3 i kapa ʻia ʻo ka "humdity piha" o ka ea humid, a ʻo ka ʻāpana he g / m3.Hōʻike wale ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o kahi pūʻulu o ka ea humid, akā ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka hiki o ka ea haʻahaʻa ke komo i ka mahu wai, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke degere o ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea haʻahaʻa.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa piha ka mānoanoa o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea mākū.
ʻO ka lakio o ka nui maoli o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka nui o ka nui o ka mahu wai ma ka mahana like i kapa ʻia ʻo "relative humidity", i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e φ.ʻO ka haʻahaʻa pili φ aia ma waena o 0 a 100%.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiwai φ, ʻoi aku ka maloʻo o ka ea a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hiki ke komo i ka wai;ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai φ, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea a me ka nāwaliwali o ka hiki ke komo i ka wai.ʻO ka hiki ke komo ʻana o ka ea haʻahaʻa e pili pū ana me kona mahana.Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana o ka ea haʻahaʻa, piʻi ke kaomi saturation e like me ia.Inā hoʻololi ʻole ka ʻike o ka mahu wai i kēia manawa, e emi ana ka haʻahaʻa pili φ o ka ea haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki ke komo ʻana o ka ea humid.No laila, i ka wā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka lumi compressor ea, pono e uku ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka ventila, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana, ʻaʻohe wai, a me ka hōʻiliʻili wai i loko o ka lumi e hōʻemi i ka wai i ka lewa.
9. He aha ke ano o ka wai?Pehea e helu ai i ka moisture content?
Pane: Ma ka ea haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o 1kg o ka ea maloʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo ka "moisture content" o ka ea humid, i hoʻohana mau ʻia.E hōʻike i ka like ʻana o ka maʻamau ω me ka ʻāpana wai o ka wai Pso, a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka huina o ka ea p.Hōʻike pololei ʻo ω i ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka lewa.Inā mau ke kaomi o ka lewa, i ka wā e mau ai ka mahana o ka ea ha'aha'a, ua mau nō ho'i ka Pso.I kēia manawa, piʻi ka haʻahaʻa pili, piʻi ka ʻoluʻolu o ka wai, a ke emi nei ka hiki ke komo i ka wai.
10. Ma ke aha ka nui o ka mahu wai ma ke ea piha?
Pane: Ua kaupalena ka maʻiʻo o ka mahu wai (water vapor density) i ka lewa.Ma ka laulā o ka aerodynamic pressure (2MPa), hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka mahu wai i ka ea saturated e hilinaʻi wale ʻia i ka mahana a ʻaʻohe mea pili i ke kaomi ea.ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mānoanoa o ka mahu wai saturated.No ka laʻana, ma 40°C, 1 mika cubic o ka ea like ka mānoanoa o ka mahu wai maʻemaʻe ʻoiai ʻo kona kaomi ʻana he 0.1MPa a i ʻole 1.0MPa.
11. He aha ke ea pulu?
Pane: ʻO ka ea i loaʻa ka nui o ka mahu wai ua kapa ʻia ka ea haʻahaʻa, a ʻo ka ea me ka mahu wai i kapa ʻia he ea maloʻo.ʻO ka ea a puni mākou he ea mākū.Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe, paʻa maoli ka haku ʻana a me ka hapa o ka ea maloʻo, a ʻaʻohe ona koʻikoʻi kūikawā no ka hana wela o ka ea humid holoʻokoʻa.ʻOiai ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻike he hopena nui i nā ʻano kino o ka ea humid.Hoʻoholo ka nui o ka mahu wai i ka degere o ka maloʻo a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea.ʻO ka mea hana o ka ea compressor he ea maʻemaʻe.
12. Heaha ka wela?
Pane: He ʻano ikehu ka wela.Hoʻohana maʻamau: KJ/(kg· ℃), cal/(kg· ℃), kcal/(kg· ℃), etc. 1kcal=4.186kJ, 1kJ=0.24kcal.
Wahi a nā kānāwai o ka thermodynamics, hiki ke hoʻololi koke ʻia ka wela mai ka wela wela a hiki i ka hopena haʻahaʻa ma o ka convection, conduction, radiation a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.I ka nele o ka mana o waho, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka wela.
13. He aha ka wela naʻau?He aha ka wela huna?
Pane: I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomehana ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, ʻo ka wela i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia paha e kekahi mea ke piʻi a hāʻule paha kona wela me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kona kūlana kumu mua, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka wela noʻonoʻo.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i nā kānaka i ke anu a me ka wela, hiki ke ana ʻia me ka thermometer.No ka laʻana, ua kapa ʻia ka wela i lawe ʻia e ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka wai mai 20°C a 80°C.
Ke komo a hoʻokuʻu paha kekahi mea i ka wela, hoʻololi kona kūlana kūlana (e like me ke kinoea lilo i wai…), akā ʻaʻole loli ka mahana.Kapa ʻia kēia wela i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia paha.ʻAʻole hiki ke ana ʻia ka wela latent me ka thermometer, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i ke kino kanaka, akā hiki ke helu ʻia ma ka hoʻokolohua.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ea māʻona i ka wela, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi hapa o ka mahu wai i loko o ka wai wai, a ʻaʻole e hāʻule ka mahana o ka ea maʻa i kēia manawa, a ʻo kēia ʻāpana o ka wela i hoʻokuʻu ʻia he wela huna.
14. He aha ka enthalpy o ka ea?
Pane: ʻO ka enthalpy o ka ea e pili ana i ka wela nui i loko o ka lewa, ma muli o ka nui o ka ea maloʻo.Hōʻike ʻia ka enthalpy e ka hōʻailona ι.
15. Heaha ka lae hau?He aha ka pili?
Pane: ʻO ka hau hau ka mahana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai ka ea unsaturated i kona wela me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaomi ʻāpana o ka mahu wai (ʻo ia hoʻi, e mālama mau ana i ka ʻike o ka wai) a hiki i ka saturation.Ke hāʻule ka mahana i ka lae hau, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā kulu wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ea haʻahaʻa.ʻAʻole pili wale ka hau o ka ea humid i ka mahana, akā pili pū kekahi i ka nui o ka wai i ka ea humid.He kiʻekiʻe ka hau me ka nui o ka wai, a he haʻahaʻa ka hau me ka haʻahaʻa o ka wai.Ma kahi mahana wela o ka ea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka wela o ka hau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaomi ʻāpana o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea haʻahaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai i loko o ka ea haʻahaʻa.He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka mahana o ka hau i ka ʻenekinia compressor.No ka laʻana, i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa o ka wela o ka puka o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ea, e hoʻopili ʻia ka hui ʻaila-gas ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o ka pahu aila-ea, kahi e hana ai ka aila lubricating i ka wai a pili i ka hopena lubrication.No laila, pono e hoʻolālā ʻia ka wela o ka puka o ka ea compressor e hōʻoia ʻaʻole ia i haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mahana o ka hau ma lalo o ke kaomi ʻāpana pili.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-17-2023
