1. He aha ka ea? He aha ka ea maʻamau?
Pane: ʻO ka lewa a puni ka honua, ua maʻa mākou e kapa iā ia he ea.
ʻO ka ea ma lalo o ke kaomi i kuhikuhi ʻia o 0.1MPa, ka mahana o 20°C, a me ka haʻahaʻa pili o 36% he ea maʻamau. ʻOkoʻa ka ea maʻamau mai ka ea maʻamau i ka mahana a loaʻa ka makū. Ke loaʻa ka mahu wai i ka lewa, ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka mahu wai, e emi ana ka nui o ka ea.
2. He aha ka wehewehena kūlana maʻamau o ka ea?
Pane: ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kūlana maʻamau: ʻo ke kūlana ea i ka wā he 0.1MPa ke kaomi omo ea a he 15.6°C ka mahana (ʻo ka wehewehe ʻana o ka ʻoihana kūloko he 0°C) ua kapa ʻia ʻo ke kūlana maʻamau o ka ea.
Ma ke kūlana maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka ea he 1.185kg/m3 (ua hōʻailona ʻia ka nui o ka mea hoʻopau o ka compressor air, ka mea maloʻo, ke kānana a me nā lako hana ʻē aʻe e ka nui o ke kahe ʻana ma ke kūlana maʻamau o ka ea, a ua kākau ʻia ke anakahi ʻo Nm3/min).
3. He aha ka ea piha a me ka ea piha ʻole?
Pane: Ma kekahi mahana a me ke kaomi, ʻo ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea pulu (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka nui o ka mahu wai) he palena iki; i ka wā e hiki ai ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o kekahi mahana i ka nui loa, ʻo ka makū i kēia manawa ua kapa ʻia ka ea he ea saturated. ʻO ka ea pulu me ka ʻole o ka nui loa o ka mahu wai ua kapa ʻia he ea unsaturated.
4. Ma lalo o nā kūlana hea e lilo ai ka ea unsaturated i ea saturated? He aha ka "condensation"?
I ka manawa e lilo ai ka ea ʻaʻole i ea piha, e hoʻopili ʻia nā kulu wai wai i loko o ka ea pulu, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "condensation". He mea maʻamau ka condensation. No ka laʻana, kiʻekiʻe loa ka makū o ka ea i ke kauwela, a he maʻalahi ke hana i nā kulu wai ma luna o ka ʻili o ka paipu wai. I ke kakahiaka hoʻoilo, e ʻike ʻia nā kulu wai ma nā puka makani aniani o ka poʻe noho. ʻO kēia nā ea pulu i hoʻomaʻalili ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi mau e hiki ai i kahi hau. ʻO ka hopena o ka condensation ma muli o ka mahana.
5. He aha ke kaomi lewa, ke kaomi paʻa a me ke kaomi anakahi? He aha nā anakahi maʻamau o ke kaomi?
Pane: ʻO ke kaomi i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi papa mānoanoa loa o ka lewa e hoʻopuni ana i ka ʻili o ka honua ma luna o ka ʻili o ka honua a i ʻole nā mea ʻili i kapa ʻia ʻo "kaomi lewa", a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻo Ρb; ʻo ke kaomi e hana pololei ana ma luna o ka ʻili o ka pahu a mea paha i kapa ʻia ʻo "kaomi piha". Hoʻomaka ka waiwai o ke kaomi mai ka hakahaka piha, a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻo Pa; ʻo ke kaomi i ana ʻia e nā ana kaomi, nā ana hakahaka, nā paipu ʻano U a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo "kaomi ana", a hoʻomaka ka "kaomi ana" mai ke kaomi lewa, a ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻo Ρg. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā mea ʻekolu.
Pa=Pb+Pg
ʻO ke kaomi e pili ana i ka ikaika no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana wahi, a ʻo ke anakahi kaomi ʻo N/square, i hōʻike ʻia ʻo Pa, i kapa ʻia ʻo Pascal. ʻO MPa (MPa) i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka ʻenekinia
1MPa=10 mana ʻeono Pa
1 kaomi lewa maʻamau = 0.1013MPa
1kPa=1000Pa=0.01kgf/kuea
1MPa=10 mana ʻeono Pa=10.2kgf/kuea
Ma ka ʻōnaehana kahiko o nā anakahi, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke kaomi ma kgf/cm2 (kilogram force/centimeter square).
6. He aha ka mahana? He aha nā anakahi mahana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia?
A: ʻO ka mahana ka awelika helu o ka neʻe wela o nā molekala o kahi mea.
Mahana piha: ʻO ka mahana e hoʻomaka ana mai ka mahana palena haʻahaʻa loa i ka wā e pau ai ka neʻe ʻana o nā molekala kinoea, i hōʻike ʻia ʻo T. ʻO ke anakahi ʻo "Kelvin" a ʻo ka hōʻailona anakahi ʻo K.
Mahana Celsius: ʻO ka mahana e hoʻomaka ana mai ka wahi heheʻe o ka hau, ʻo ke anakahi ʻo "Celsius", a ʻo ka hōʻailona anakahi ʻo ℃. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻāina Pelekane a me ʻAmelika i ka "mahana Fahrenheit", a ʻo ka hōʻailona anakahi ʻo F.
ʻO ka pilina hoʻololi ma waena o nā anakahi mahana ʻekolu
T (K) = t (°C) + 273.16
t(F)=32+1.8t(℃)
7. He aha ke kaomi hapa o ka mahu wai i ka ea pulu?
Pane: ʻO ka ea pulu ka hui ʻana o ka mahu wai a me ka ea maloʻo. I loko o kahi nui o ka ea pulu, ʻo ka nui o ka mahu wai (ma ke kaumaha) he emi iki ia ma mua o ka ea maloʻo, akā noho ia i ka nui like me ka ea maloʻo. , loaʻa pū kekahi mahana like. ʻO ke kaomi o ka ea pulu ka huina o nā kaomi hapa o nā kinoea hoʻohui (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ea maloʻo a me ka mahu wai). ʻO ke kaomi o ka mahu wai i ka ea pulu ua kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaomi hapa o ka mahu wai, i hōʻike ʻia ʻo Pso. Hōʻike kona waiwai i ka nui o ka mahu wai i ka ea pulu, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka mahu wai, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi hapa o ka mahu wai. ʻO ke kaomi hapa o ka mahu wai i ka ea piha ua kapa ʻia ʻo ke kaomi hapa o ka mahu wai piha, i hōʻike ʻia ʻo Pab.
8. He aha ka haʻahaʻa o ka lewa? ʻEhia ka nui o ka haʻahaʻa?
Pane: ʻO ka nui kino e hōʻike ana i ka maloʻo a me ka makū o ka lewa ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka makū. ʻO nā ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia: ka makū loa a me ka makū pili.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea pulu i loko o ka nui o 1 m3 ua kapa ʻia ʻo "ka mahu piha" o ka ea pulu, a ʻo ke anakahi he g/m3. Hōʻike wale ka mahu piha i ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka nui o ka ea pulu, akā ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka hiki o ka ea pulu ke omo i ka mahu wai, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kekelē o ka mahu o ka ea pulu. ʻO ka mahu piha ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea pulu.
ʻO ka lakio o ka nui maoli o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea pulu i ka nui loa o ka mahu wai ma ka mahana like ua kapa ʻia ʻo "ka mahu pili", kahi i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e φ. ʻO ka waiwai φ ma waena o 0 a me 100%. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka waiwai φ, ʻoi aku ka maloʻo o ka ea a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hiki ke omo wai; ʻo ka nui o ka waiwai φ, ʻoi aku ka hau o ka ea a ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka hiki ke omo wai. Pili pū ka hiki ke omo wai o ka ea pulu i kona mahana. Ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana o ka ea pulu, piʻi pū ke kaomi saturation. Inā ʻaʻole loli ka nui o ka mahu wai i kēia manawa, e emi ana ka hau pili φ o ka ea pulu, ʻo ia hoʻi, e piʻi aʻe ka hiki ke omo wai o ka ea pulu. No laila, i ka wā e hoʻokomo ai i ka lumi compressor ea, pono e uku ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ea, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mahana, ʻaʻohe kahe wai, a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka lumi e hōʻemi i ka makū i ka lewa.
9. He aha ka nui o ka makū? Pehea e helu ai i ka nui o ka makū?
Pane: I ka ea pulu, ua kapa ʻia ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o 1kg o ka ea maloʻo ʻo ka "ʻike wai" o ka ea pulu, kahi mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. No ka hōʻike ʻana ua kokoke like ka nui o ka makū ω me ke kaomi hapa o ka mahu wai Pso, a ua like ʻole me ke kaomi ea holoʻokoʻa p. Hōʻike pololei ʻo ω i ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea. Inā paʻa mau ke kaomi lewa, i ka wā e paʻa mau ai ka mahana o ka ea pulu, paʻa mau nō hoʻi ʻo Pso. I kēia manawa, piʻi ka makū pili, piʻi ka ʻike makū, a emi ka hiki ke omo i ka makū.
10. He aha ka mea e hilinaʻi ai ka nui o ka mahu wai i ka ea paʻa?
Pane: Ua kaupalena ʻia ka nui o ka mahu wai (ka nui o ka mahu wai) i ka lewa. Ma ka pae o ke kaomi aerodynamic (2MPa), hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka mahu wai i ka ea saturated e hilinaʻi wale nō ia i ka mahana a ʻaʻohe ona pili i ke kaomi ea. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka mahu wai saturated. No ka laʻana, ma 40°C, 1 mika cubic o ka ea ka nui o ka mahu wai saturated like me ka nānā ʻole i kona kaomi he 0.1MPa a i ʻole 1.0MPa.
11. He aha ka ea pulu?
Pane: ʻO ka ea e loaʻa ana kahi nui o ka mahu wai e kapa ʻia he ea pulu, a ʻo ka ea me ka ʻole o ka mahu wai e kapa ʻia he ea maloʻo. ʻO ka ea a puni mākou he ea pulu. Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ke ʻano a me ka hapa o ka ea maloʻo he paʻa loa ia, a ʻaʻohe ona manaʻo kūikawā no ka hana wela o ka ea pulu holoʻokoʻa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea pulu, ʻo ka loli o ka ʻike he mana nui ia i nā ʻano kino o ka ea pulu. ʻO ka nui o ka mahu wai e hoʻoholo ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maloʻo a me ka makū o ka ea. ʻO ka mea hana o ka mea hoʻopili ea he ea pulu.
12. He aha ka wela?
Pane: He ʻano ikehu ka wela. Nā anakahi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia: KJ/(kg·℃), cal/(kg·℃), kcal/(kg·℃), a pēlā aku. 1kcal=4.186kJ, 1kJ=0.24kcal.
Wahi a nā kānāwai o ka thermodynamics, hiki ke hoʻoili koke ʻia ka wela mai ka hopena wela kiʻekiʻe a i ka hopena wela haʻahaʻa ma o ka convection, conduction, radiation a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o waho, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka wela.
13. He aha ka wela ʻike? He aha ka wela huna?
Pane: I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomehana ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana, ʻo ka wela i omo ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia paha e kahi mea ke piʻi a hāʻule paha kona mahana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kona kūlana pae mua ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka wela ʻike. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā kānaka e loaʻa nā loli maopopo i ke anu a me ka wela, hiki ke ana ʻia me ka thermometer. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka wela i omo ʻia ma ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka wai mai 20°C a i 80°C ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka wela ʻike.
Ke omo a hoʻokuʻu paha kahi mea i ka wela, loli kona kūlana pae (e like me ke kinoea e lilo i wai…), akā ʻaʻole loli ka mahana. Ua kapa ʻia kēia wela i omo ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia paha he wela latent. ʻAʻole hiki ke ana ʻia ka wela latent me kahi ana wela, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino kanaka ke ʻike iā ia, akā hiki ke helu ʻia ma o ka hoʻokolohua.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ea paʻa i ka wela, e lilo kahi hapa o ka mahu wai i wai wai, a ʻaʻole e hāʻule ka mahana o ka ea paʻa i kēia manawa, a ʻo kēia ʻāpana o ka wela i hoʻokuʻu ʻia he wela huna.
14. He aha ka enthalpy o ka ea?
Pane: ʻO ka enthalpy o ka ea e pili ana i ka wela holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka lewa, ma muli o ka nui o ka ea maloʻo. Hōʻike ʻia ka enthalpy e ka hōʻailona ι.
15. He aha ke kiko hau? He aha kona pili?
Pane: ʻO ke kiko hau ka mahana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ai ka ea unsaturated i kona mahana me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaomi hapa o ka mahu wai (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻa o ka wai piha) i hiki ai i ka saturation. Ke hāʻule ka mahana i ke kiko hau, e hoʻopuehu ʻia nā kulu wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ea pulu. ʻAʻole pili wale ke kiko hau o ka ea pulu i ka mahana, akā pili pū kekahi i ka nui o ka makū i loko o ka ea pulu. Kiʻekiʻe ke kiko hau me ka nui o ka wai, a haʻahaʻa ke kiko hau me ka haʻahaʻa o ka wai. I kekahi mahana ea pulu, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana kiko hau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaomi hapa o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea pulu, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mahu wai i loko o ka ea pulu. He mea nui ka mahana kiko hau i ka ʻenekinia compressor. No ka laʻana, i ka wā e haʻahaʻa loa ai ka mahana puka o ka compressor ea, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hui ʻaila-kinoea ma muli o ka mahana haʻahaʻa i loko o ka pahu ʻaila-kinoea, kahi e hoʻolilo ai i ka ʻaila lubricating i ka wai a hoʻopilikia i ka hopena lubrication. No laila, pono e hoʻolālā ʻia ka mahana o waho o ka compressor ea e hōʻoia ʻaʻole ia e haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mahana o ka hau ma lalo o ke kaomi hapa like.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-17-2023
